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In less than a century, the Incas developed and
knitted together a vast empire peopled by
something like twenty million Indians. They
established an imperial religion in some harmony
with those of their subject tribes; erected
monolithic fortresses, salubrious palaces and
temples; and, astonishingly, evolved a viable
economy - strong enough to maintain a top-heavy
elite in almost godlike grandeur. To understand
these achievements and get some idea of what
they must have meant in Peru five or six hundred
years ago, you really have to see for yourself
their surviving heritage: the stones of Inca
ruins and roads; the cultural objects in the
museums of Lima and Cusco; and their living
descendants who still work the soil and speak
Quechua - the language used by the Incas to
unify their empire. We've included but the
briefest of introductions to their history,
society and achievements
Inca society
The Inca Empire rapidly developed a hierarchical
structure . At the highest level it was governed
by the Sapa Inca , son of the sun and direct
descendant of the god Viracocha. Under him were
the priest-nobles - the royal allyu...
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Expansion and control
In Inca eyes the known world was their empire,
and expansion therefore limitless. They divided
their territories into four basic regions, or
suyos , each radiating from the central plaza in
Cusco: Chincha Suyo (northwest), Anit...
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Economy, agriculture and building
The main resources available to the Inca Empire
were agricultural land and labour, mines (producing
precious and prestigious metals such as gold,
silver or copper), and fresh water, abundant
everywhere except along the desert coast. With...
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Arts and crafts
Surprisingly, perhaps, Inca masonry was very
rarely carved or adorned in any way. Smaller
stone items, however, were frequently ornate and
beautiful. High technical standards were
achieved, too, in pottery . Around Cusco
especially, the art of...
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Religion
The Inca religion was easily capable of
incorporating the religious features of most
subjugated regions. The setting for beliefs,
idols and oracles, more or less throughout the
entire empire, had been preordained over the
previous two thousand...
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